The invention discloses a multifunctional aviation piston type engine. The multifunctional aviation piston type engine comprises an engine body, a magnet generator, a fuel pump, an electronic controlunit and an air throttle, wherein the magnet generator is provided with a crankshaft position signal collecting module and a temperature alarming module; one end of the fuel pump is connected with a fuel tank, and the other end of the fuel pump is sequentially connected with a fuel distributor and a fuel pressure regulator; the fuel distributor is provided with a fuel pressure sensor; the fuel pump and the fuel pressure sensor are connected with the electronic control unit through ports; the air throttle is composed of an electric control throttle body and two corresponding throttle opening sensors, and the two throttle opening sensors are non-contact angle sensors and are redundant in signals; the electronic control unit is connected with the engine body through a corresponding port and controls the engine body and the opening of the air throttle. When in work, the multifunctional aviation piston type engine can provide abundant state parameters, and a fault diagnosis logic unit can analyze whether key engine parts are in abnormal working states and report diagnosis results in real time.