The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and particularly discloses a high-rate lithium ion battery pole piece drying method and a high-rate lithium ion battery. The high-rate lithium ion battery is prepared by baking a pole piece and baking a roll core to remove moisture respectively, wherein both the pole piece baking step and the roll core baking step comprise thefollowing substeps: baking for 3H in a normal-pressure and high-temperature state; baking for 5H in a high-temperature vacuum state; injecting dry gas to break vacuum, and then pumping out the dry gastill the vacuum degree of the oven is -95Kpa. By the high-rate lithium ion battery pole piece drying method, the moisture inside the pole piece and the roll core can be effectively removed within a short time, so that the problems of shrinkage of a diaphragm and powder shedding of the pole piece, which are caused by long-term high-temperature baking, and the like are avoided, the safety performance of the battery is improved and formation of a stable SEI membrane on the surface of the pole piece after battery formation is facilitated; the electrochemical impedance is smaller; the prepared lithium ion battery has a higher working voltage platform under a high-rate discharge condition, so that the discharge performance, the internal resistance consistency and the cycle performance of the battery are significantly improved.