The invention belongs to the technical field of culture of cystoathyrium chinense and discloses a culture method of cystoathyrium chinense through sporophyte propagation. Underground stems of cystoathyrium chinense are soaked in a washing powder solution with the concentration of 3-5 g/mL and treated with 75% ethanol and 0.1% mercury bichloride solution, disinfection is convenient, and damage to buds is low. A culture medium with the pH value of 5.8-6.0 is used for primary culture on the buds under 2,000-2,100 lx, the buds are promoted to rapidly germinate into GGBs (green globular bodies), the GGBs can be used for subinoculation and propagation. Compared with components of a strong seedling culture medium and a proliferation culture medium, gibberellin is added, the proportion of all components are adjusted, so that the strong seedling effect can be maximized. The method is adopted for hardening of seedlings, and the survival rate of cystoathyrium chinense seedlings can reach 80% or above.