The invention discloses a system for detecting a surface condition of an underwater steel pile in a turbid water area. A seal cover shell filled with a certain pressure is covered outside a camera; alayer of replaceable flexible light-transmitting cover made of a light-transmitting flexible material is covered right ahead the camera; and the seal cover shell moves front and back to push the camera to an underwater steel pile to be detected, so that turbid water between the camera and the underwater steel pile to be detected is separated, and the surface condition of the underwater steel pileis clearly appeared under the turbid water. The system for detecting the surface condition of the underwater steel pile in the turbid water area provided by the invention can be used for effectively preventing the turbid water from shielding the underwater steel pile to be detected, is convenient to construct and high in efficiency, and has no potential safety hazard.