The invention relates to a double measurement parameter rate distortion control method oriented to quantized block compressive sensing coding. A sampling rate and a quantification depth are taken as measurement parameters; maximization of coding quality is realized under code rate constraint; a training mode and a working mode are available; in the training mode, a target image is restored under various measurement parameter values to construct a dual measurement parameter model used by a controller; and in the working mode, the measurement parameter values are allocated according to the dualmeasurement parameter model, and quantized block compressive sensing coding is executed on a target image in order to obtain optimized coding quality under given code rate constraint. Through adoptionof the method, optimized measurement parameter values can be preset for subsequent target images, and the coding quality is gradually adjusted under different code rate level constraints. Since adjacent target images have relatively consistent statistical characteristics, optimized rate distortion performance can be provided for the subsequent target images.