The invention provides a GIS image data transmission method based on machine learning. The method comprises the following steps: obtaining an actual GIS image to be transmitted; performing compressionand conversion on the actual GIS image to obtain a compressed and converted image; performing network transmission on the compressed and converted image; and performing decompression on the receivedcompressed and converted image as required to obtain a final GIS image. The GIS image data transmission method based on machine learning provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that the compression rate of the GIS image data can be improved, and the network transmission bandwidth is greatly reduced. The accuracy of the image will not be greatly reduced if the compression rate is effectively increased.