The invention discloses a quick powder charging device comprising a powder charging container, a powder charging tube and a total control device, wherein each of the two sides of an upper end openingof the powder charging container is further provided with a ventilation tube; the outer side of one of the ventilation tubes is further provided with a detonator setting passage; the outer side of thepowder charging tube is further provided with an exhaust passage; a top end port of the exhaust passage is further provided with an induced air and dust collection device; a compacting device is further disposed at a lower end opening of the powder charging container; and a group of screening devices are movably disposed an a tube opening at the upper end of the powder charging tube. The total control device is electrically connected with an induced air fan, the induced air and dust collection device, the compacting device and the screening devices. By automatic operation on the device, not only can the device avoid safety hazard caused by the manual operation and improve powder charging efficiency, but also through the arrangement of the induced air and dust collection device, the compacting device and the screening device and the like, the efficient fast, safe and environment-friendly powder charging effect is achieved.