The invention relates to an energy storage converter and a main circuit topology structure and a balance control method thereof, all switching modules in the main circuit topology structure of the stored energy converter correspond to all energy storage battery modules one by one, each switching module comprises a first control switch and a second control switch, the second control switches of allthe switching modules are arranged in a series connection manner to form a series connection circuit which is connected with the direction current side of an AC/DC conversion module, all the energy storage battery modules are connected with corresponding second control switches in parallel, and corresponding first control switches are arranged on the connection circuits of all the energy storagebattery modules and the corresponding second control switches in series. Whether a charging balance control strategy or a discharging balance control strategy is conducted or not is judged according to the difference of the voltage of the energy storage battery modules and the voltage average value. Balance control of the battery packs is jointly realized through series connection cascade of the energy storage battery modules and combination with the own balance requirement of the energy storage battery modules, the utilization rate of the energy storage battery modules is improved, and the service lives are prolonged.