The invention discloses a vehicle-mounted quick installation rescue elevator, and belongs to the technical field of G-series high-speed train rescue equipment. The vehicle-mounted quick installation rescue elevator comprises a vehicle-mounted platform, a lifting cage, a power unit, a top segment, a turnover mechanism, a base segment, one or more standard segments, a pallet car and a crane. The power unit and the lifting cage are connected into a whole. The lifting cage is installed on the base segment, and a pinion of the power unit is engaged with a rack on the side face of the base segment to form a gear and rack pair. In the installation state, the standard segments and the top segment are moved to a set area under the effect of the pallet car and then are sequentially hoisted to the top of the base segment through the crane. The base segment, the standard segments and the top segment can be in butt joint in sequence to form a vertical channel, and racks of the base segment, the standard segments and the top segment are in butt joint to form a long rack engaged with the pinion of the power unit. By adoption of the vehicle-mounted quick installation rescue elevator, personnel canbe vertically transferred to the ground efficiently, conveniently and comfortably from a bridge floor in aerial railway accidents, and the vehicle-mounted quick installation rescue elevator is mainlysuitable for aerial railways with the bridge floor heights being within 20m.