The invention discloses a novel anchor cable tensioning machine and an anchor cable secondary tensioning system and relates to the technical field of anchor cable fastening. The novel anchor cable tensioning machine is used for carrying out secondary tensioning on an existing anchor cable which extends out of an existing hole wall. The novel anchor cable tensioning machine comprises a novel anchordisk which is arranged on the existing anchor cable in a sleeving manner and abuts against the existing hole wall, and a hollow bolt which is located between each existing anchor cable and the novelanchor disk. By means of the hollow bolt, the relative positions of the existing anchor cable and the novel anchor disk can be fixed, and a jack which can drive the existing anchor cable to move in the direction far away from the existing hole wall is arranged around the existing anchor cable. The novel anchor cable tensioning machine can achieve secondary tensioning of the existing anchor cable under the situation that the tail of the existing anchor cable is relatively short, tensioning construction does not damage the original structure of the existing anchor cable, operation is convenientand rapid, and application is simple. By means of the anchor cable secondary tensioning system, the secondary tensioning of the existing anchor cable can be achieved under the situation that the tailof the existing anchor cable is relatively short.