The invention discloses a test system and method of a bearing monitoring model under impact of a slope rockfall protection structure. The system comprises a test stand, a slope body simulation unit, adata collection unit, a protection structure and a rockfall movement mechanism, the slope body simulation unit is arranged in the upper end of the test stand, and comprises slope bodies with different slope angles, the rockfall movement mechanism which can drive a rock to move among the different slope bodies is arranged in the top ends of the slope bodies, the protection structure is arranged inthe bottom ends of the slope bodies, and the data collection unit is arranged in the protection structure. Thus, rockfall impact on the protection structure of the preset slope body can be monitored.