The invention provides a hard optical path light beam flexible transmission positioning method and apparatus. The hard optical path light beam flexible transmission positioning method and apparatus employ the space light beam flexible transmission technology and perform laser manufacturing on a large format of complex pattern. The hard optical path light beam flexible transmission positioning method mainly includes the steps: planning the light beam space scanning path, performing light beam space scanning, according to the scanning result, controlling a member to move in the space by means ofa transmission positioning movement platform, and performing accurate positioning on the light spot position; associating the laser scanning speed with the laser pulse, so that the higher the scanning speed is, the more the number of laser pulse is, and performing exquisite manufacturing on the large format of complex pattern by controlling the scanning speed and the number of laser pulse; through a space four degrees of freedom rotation arm, controlling the light beam, completing the control process by means of movement of the horizontal and vertical rotating shafts, during the control process, keeping synchronization of the horizontal and vertical rotating shafts, monitoring the light beam angle deviation through a CMOS camera, wherein the angle deviation passes a reflector and a lightbeam position detector detects the light beam deflection angle; and according to the deflection angle, performing micro adjustment on the horizontal and vertical rotating shafts.