The invention discloses friction electric-heating electric self-driven dust collection detection equipment and a dust collection detection method of the friction electric-heating electric self-drivendust collection detection equipment. The equipment comprises dust collection equipment and a thermoelectric transformer; the dust collection equipment comprises a dust collection chamber body in whichmedium particles are stored; the two opposite ends of the dust collection chamber body are each provided with an air charging pipeline and an exhausting pipeline, wherein each air charging pipeline is used for introducing intake air flow containing waste particles into the dust collection chamber body; each exhausting pipeline is used for exhausting the exhaust air flow from the dust collection chamber body; the two ends of the dust collection chamber body are correspondingly provided with an intake air detector and an exhaust air detector which are correspondingly used for detecting intake air flow and exhaust air flow component parameters; an electromagnetic coil is arranged at the outer surface of the dust collection chamber body in a surrounding manner; the dust collection chamber body is also internally provided with a cylindrical electrode which is used for adsorbing ionized and deflected waste particles; the thermoelectric transformer is arranged at the outer surface of the dust collection chamber body in a surrounding manner; the thermoelectric transformer comprises an annular heat radiator and a thermoelectric element, wherein the thermoelectric element is positioned between the dust collection chamber body and the annular heat radiator and is used for transforming temperature difference of the dust collection chamber and the annular heat radiator into electric energyand providing power for the electromagnetic coil, the intake air detector and the exhaust air detector.