The invention discloses a multi-stage crushing, iron-removing and charging method for a thermal insulation material on an aluminum electrolysis electrode. The multi-stage crushing, iron-removing and charging method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: crushing and transporting the thermal-insulation material obtained after clearing anode scrap to sequentially pass through a 1# adhesive tape conveyor with an iron remover, a 2# adhesive tape conveyor with an iron remover and a 3# adhesive tape conveyor with an iron remover, and performing tertiary iron removal on the thermal-insulation material through the 1# adhesive tape conveyor, the 2# adhesive tape conveyor and the 3# adhesive tape conveyor; transferring the thermal-insulation material to a conical crusher to crush, transporting the crushed thermal-insulation material to a linear vibrating screen with a screen hole hole-diameter of 6mm to screen, feeding a under-size material with a particle diameter smaller than 6mm to a 4# adhesive tape conveyor to temporarily store, and returning an oversize material with a particle diameter greater than 6 mm to re-crush; transferring the thermal-insulation material with the particle diameter smaller than 6 mm to an electrolysis workshop through a tank car, feeding the thermal-insulation material to a 1# buffer bin through dense-phase transportation, and automatically adding the thermal-insulation material into an electrolytic cell through a thermal-insulation crown block charging system. The multi-stage crushing, iron-removing and charging method is good in crushing and rust-removing effect, and can realize automatic charging.