The invention provides a pulverized coal boiler air-powder balancing system, belongs to the technical field of the automatic control of pulverized coal boilers, and aims to solve technical problems inthe prior art. By adoption of the pulverized coal boiler air-powder balancing system and method provided by the invention, the real-time online air-power balancing effect can be more effectively improved. According to the technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems, the pulverized coal boiler air-powder balancing system comprises a balancing assembly, an air source supply system and a control system, wherein the balancing assembly comprises a ring-shaped cavity, high-pressure air flow pipelines and nozzles; the air source supply system comprises a high-pressure air source device as well as a filtering and pressure reducing valve; the control system comprises a pressure gauge, an electric regulating valve, a pulverized coal concentration sensor, electromagnetic valves and acontrol device; high-pressure air is released from the outlet of the high-pressure air source device; and after sequentially passing through the filtering and pressure reducing valve, the electric regulating valve, the ring-shaped cavity, the electromagnetic valves and the high-pressure air flow pipelines, the released high-pressure air is jetted from the nozzles into a pipeline of a boiler furnace. The pulverized coal boiler air-powder balancing system and method can be widely applied to the field of pulverized coal boilers.