The invention method is suitable for the technical field of channel troubleshooting and provides a troubleshooting method and device based on an electricity utilization information acquisition system.The method comprises the following steps of acquiring channel drop information of communication between a master station of the electricity utilization information acquisition system and informationacquisition equipment through the electricity utilization information acquisition system; judging a fault type of communication between the master station of the electricity utilization information acquisition system and the information acquisition equipment through the channel drop information; and generating a troubleshooting and maintenance scheme of master station equipment of the electricityutilization information acquisition system according to the fault type in order to make maintenance personnel can carry out troubleshooting and maintenance on the master station equipment of the electricity utilization information acquisition system. According to the method and the device, a fault position can be positioned in real time when the communication channel breaks down, the troubleshooting time is shortened, and the losses of users and companies are reduced to the maximum extent.