The invention discloses a smart power grid data decomposition method based on non-negative matrix factorization. On the basis of a non-negative matrix decomposition algorithm, the similarity featuresamong users are introduced, the performance of the algorithm is improved, so that the decomposition result is closer to actual electricity information of the users, and more precise feedback is provided for the users. As is proved by the experiment result, compared with an existing method, by means of the smart power grid data decomposition method, the performance is obviously improved.