The invention discloses a grounding wire winding and unwinding device and method, and belongs to the field of transformer substations. The grounding wire winding and unwinding device and method aim tosolve the problems which exist in an existing grounding wire winding frame. The grounding wire winding and unwinding device comprises a hollow cylindrical shell body, wherein a plurality of layers ofparallel sliding parts are arranged on the side wall of the hollow cylindrical shell body from top to bottom. The grounding wire winding and unwinding method comprises the steps of wire winding and wire unwinding; specifically, in the wire winding step, two wire hanging parts in each layer of sliding part are symmetrically and synchronously operated so as to drive a grounding wire wound around the two wire hanging parts to slide from the front-side initial position to the rear-side end position along arc-shaped hole channels, after the wire hanging parts in the upper layer of sliding part reach the end position, the wire hanging parts in the next layer of sliding part are started, and the action is carried out according to the sequence from top to bottom in a staged mode; and in the wireunwinding step, the two wire hanging parts in each layer of sliding part are symmetrically and synchronously operated so as to drive the grounding wire wound around the two wire hanging parts to slidefrom the rear-side end position to the front-side initial position along the arc-shaped hole channels, after the wire hanging parts in the next layer of sliding part are started, the wire hanging parts in the upper layer of sliding part is started in a delayed mode, and the action is carried out according to the sequence from bottom to top in the staged mode.