The invention relates to a praseodymium-neodymium extraction and enrichment separation method. P507 and OH- strongly basic anion exchange resin are used for stepwise extraction separation of rare earth chloride feed liquid, and compared with the mode that multi-rare-earth solutions are adopted for separating rare earth products in the prior art, the praseodymium-neodymium extraction and enrichmentseparation method has the advantages that the purities of products of high purity praseodymium and high purity neodymium are both higher than 99.999%, the yield is higher than 94.36%, the method is suitable for mass production, easy and convenient to operate and low in production cost, and industrial production is facilitated.