The invention discloses a method for estimating a dynamic resilience modulus of subgrade soil based on matric suction and stress state. The method comprises the following steps: measuring the matric suction of the subgrade soil with a pressure plate instrument, and establishing a soil-water characteristic curve; carrying out a resilience modulus test by using a dynamic triaxial apparatus to obtaina resilience modulus value of the subgrade soil; establishing a power function relation equation between the matric suction and the resilience modulus of subgrade soil; finally, proposing an estimation model of the resilience modulus considering the moisture state and stress state of the subgrade soil. According to the method provided by the invention, the moisture state and the stress state of the subgrade soil can be considered simultaneously, the physical meaning of the model is definite, the structure is simple, and the parameters are few; the model parameters can be determined by using conventional dynamic triaxial test equipment, and the model is easy to popularize and apply.