The invention discloses a concrete coating protecting system. The concrete coating protecting system comprises a concrete permeating type primer and a high-build weather-resistant finishing coat, wherein the permeating type primer comprises a component A1 and a component B1 with the mass ratio of 3-1 to 1-1; the high-build weather-resistant finishing coat comprises a component A2 and a component B2 with the mass ratio of 1-3 to 3-1. The invention also provides a construction method. According to the concrete coating protecting system, the permeating type primer is capable of improving the intensity of a foundation and preventing the foundation form cracking; the high-build weather-resistant finishing coat is high in solid content, low in viscosity, environmentally friendly, fast to cure, short in period, high in tensile strength and elongation percentage, and outstanding in pursuit performance. Therefore, the concrete coating protecting system is outstanding in alkali resistance, ageing resistance, resist to chloride ion penetration, and capable of prolonging the service life of a concrete structure.