The invention relates to an online vibration energy detection system for the filling engineering compaction quality. The system comprises a roller, a speed pick-up, a signal acquisition analyzer and asatellite positioning receiver, wherein the driving speed and the vibration operation frequency of the roller during filling layer compaction construction are controlled for being constant, a vibration wheel vibration signal of the roller is sensed by the speed pickup mounted thereon and is then sampled by the signal acquisition analyzer to form a digital vibration signal, a position signal whichis related to the vibration signal and is provided by the satellite positioning receiver is further received by the signal acquisition analyzer, speed peak capture of the acquired vibration signal iscarried out, extreme compaction kinetic energy of vibration wheels can be calculated, and lastly, the relationship among the filling layer location, the compaction number and the extreme compaction kinetic energy is established, and a three-dimensional distribution map of a compaction index in a compaction area is formed. The system is advantaged in that the system is combined with an unmanned orautomatic driving roller, and the unmanned and intelligent continuous filling and compaction line construction work of the filling project can be realized.