A device and a method for single-axis concrete confining under different curing conditions are disclosed. The device comprises a template system, a temperature system, an acquisition system, a load measurement system, a control system and a computer system; the template system comprises a constraint template and a free template, a plurality of steel bars are disposed at equal intervals between a fixed template and a movable template of the constraint template, and the sursurface of each steel bar is pasted with a strain gauge; the temperature system includes a water tank with a water pump, andthe water tank is internally provided with a temperature control device and a second temperature sensor; the load measurement system includes a driving device connected with a drive shaft, the end ofthe drive shaft is fixedly connected with the center of the movable template by a pull rod; the input end of the acquisition system is connected with a displacement sensor, a first temperature sensor, the second temperature sensor and a load sensor, and the output end of the control system is connected with the driving device, the temperature control device and the water pump. Both the acquisition system and the control system are coupled to the computer system.