The invention relates to an atmospheric pollution control and prevention device, which comprises a fixed suction system, a liquid dropping system, a magnetic screening system, a polarization system and a monitoring system in sequential connection, wherein the device can be used for effectively eliminating harmful substances such as carbide, sulfide or lead compounds in toxic tail gas; the toxic tail gas purification capability is high; the gas purity of the tail gas exhaust is efficiently controlled; a good atmospheric pollution effect is achieved. The monitoring system can determine whether the tail gas is exhausted in a standard reaching way or not according to the monitoring condition; tail gas which does not reach the standard can only be exhausted after returning the corresponding system to be treated again; the structure is precise; the design is reasonable; the tail gas exhaust quality is effectively controlled.