The invention discloses a carbon nannotube adsorption component as well as a preparation method and application of the carbon nannotube adsorption component. Carbon nanotubes of the carbon nannotube adsorption component grow at one side of each metal wire mesh belt, a strip-shaped structure is formed at the side by arranging the sides, not provided with carbon, of the metal wire mesh belts at intervals; upper and lower outer layers of the strip-shaped structure are packaged by using filter cloth, and the whole strip-shaped structure is strip-shaped and can be wound; when being wound to form acylindrical structure, the strip-shaped structure has the height-to-diameter ratio of 1:1 to 1:5; and a carbon nannotube adsorption device applying the carbon nannotube adsorption component is internally filled with the carbon nannotube adsorption component, the void ratio of a bed layer of the component is 70-95%, and no gas or liquid distribution devices are arranged in the device. The inventionfurther discloses a preparation method of the carbon nannotube adsorption component and a mounting method of the carbon nannotube adsorption device; it is not needed that the carbon nannotube adsorption device is additionally provided with an independent gas or liquid distribution device, and the carbon nannotube adsorption device can be used for adsorbing and rapidly desorbing organic matters inwastewater or gases; and the carbon nannotube adsorption component has the advantages such as firm structure, long service life, high throughput, low preparation cost and low treatment energy consumption.