The invention discloses an automatic pipeline robot patrolling and dredging device. The automatic pipeline robot patrolling and dredging device comprises a dredging unit, a video unit and a patrollingdrive unit. The dredging unit is arranged at the front end of the patrolling drive unit. The video unit is fixed in the dredging unit. The video unit and the patrolling drive unit are coaxially arranged. A sludge scraping cutter set and a sludge retreating cutter set are connected to a hollow disc frame. The hollow disc frame is connected to the patrolling drive unit and can freely rotate aroundthe axis of the patrolling drive unit. A transposition driver is fixed to the patrolling drive unit, a synchronous belt wheel is fixed to the hollow disc frame, and a synchronous belt is arranged between the transposition driver and the synchronous belt wheel. Through vision detection of a camera and the action that a stepping motor drives the sludge scraping cutter set and the sludge retreating cutter set to coordinate and cooperate, one stepping motor can control the positions of the sludge scraping cutter set and the sludge retreating cutter set, and the pipeline cleaning efficiency and thepipeline cleaning accuracy are improved; and patrolling, sludge scraping and sludge retreating functions are integrated, and pertinence and adaptability to the pipeline environment are improved.