The invention discloses an apparatus and a method for testing the self-shrinking deformation of a cement-based material under temperature variable conditions. The apparatus comprises a corrugated tubemold, a magnetic suction disk, two displacement sensors, a test bracket, corrugated tube packaging end heads, suspending chains, a pressure buffer airbag, a plastic pipe and a rubber stopper, whereinthe test bracket comprises member suspending rods, a fixing rod, a left side plate, a right side plate and a quartz glass rod, the left side plate is provided with a magnetic suction disk fixing groove, the right side plate is provided with a displacement sensor fixing groove and a displacement sensor fixing hole, the fixing rod is provided with a shackle ring bracket, and the suspending chain comprises suspending hooks and a metal wire chain. With the apparatus and the method of the present invention, the self-shrinking deformation of the cement-based material under the temperature variableconditions can be accurately tested, the test method is stable, scientific and reliable and has good repeatability, and the method can be used for the self-shrinking deformation test of other cementing materials.