The invention relates to a light environment control system for plant growth. An information acquisition unit sends acquired information to a cloud server with first periodic segmented optical signalsmatched with the growth characteristics of a plant; the cloud server provides at least one growth control scheme for controlling the growth of the designated plant by means the interaction of the periodic segmented change law of light and the configuration components of growth elements on the basis of market dynamic information, growth characteristic information and/or growth element information;a control unit controls the configuration components of the growth elements on the basis of the growth control schemes and selects at least one lighting component in a lighting component network corresponding to the spatial location of the plant to illuminate with second periodic segmented optical signals in accordance with the growth control schemes; and the control unit controls acquisition modules located within the area of the designated plant to send and/or receive the acquired information with the second periodic segmented optical signals which are matched with the growth characteristics of the plant and follow the periodic segmented change law.