The invention discloses a quick-charging polymer lithium ion battery based on carbon-based nanometer materials. An anode sheet of the battery is prepared by mixing anode active substances, carbon-based nanometer material graphene/ carbon nanotube compound conductive agents, conductive graphene and PVDF according to a certain mass ratio, adopting an NMP as a solvent, conducting pulping by means ofa sand mill with zirconium beads and a vacuum high-speed blender and then coating aluminum foil with obtained pulp. A cathode sheet is prepared by mixing cathode active substances, carbon-based nanometer material graphene/ carbon nanotube compound conductive agents, nanoscale conductive carbon black, CMC and SBR according to a certain mass ratio, adopting deionized water as a solvent, conducting pulping and coating a copper foil current collector with obtained pulp. The anode sheet and the cathode sheet are wound with a partition membrane, packaged, injected with liquid, formed by a high-temperature fixture and subjected to air exhaust, volume distribution and the like, and then the quick-charging polymer lithium ion battery is obtained. The volume energy density of the battery is 460 Wh/Lor above, the battery capacity can be charged to 60% or above within 10 min, and the battery has excellent 3C charging performance, great 1C discharging fast-charge cycling performance and remarkable1C charge-discharge cycling performance.