The invention relates to a preparation method of a lithium ion battery negative electrode material; the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) coarsening, activating and sensitizing a negative electrode material; (2) preparing a chemical plating liquid; (3) mixing the negative electrode material obtained after being coarsened, activated and sensitized in the step (1) with the chemical plating solution in the step (2), plating, after completion of plating, washing off the residual plating solution of the negative electrode material; and (4) pickling the negative electrode material obtained in the step (3), cleaning and drying to obtain the product. The preparation method has the advantages of simple process, less consumed time, low cost, high preparation efficiency and the like. By combination of the chemical plating with the pickling method, the electrochemistry performance of the composite negative electrode material is greatly improved, and the prepared negative electrode material has the advantages of uniform surface plating layer, high specific energy capacity, good circularity and good multiplying power performance.