The invention provides a portable cigarette butt collection box, which comprises a box body, a cigarette ash chamber and a cigarette ash chamber cover. The box body is provided with a cover lock switch, and the cover lock switch comprises a press plate, a lock frame, a spring and a fixing pin. The press plate is provided with a boss towards the middle of the box body, the boss is internally provided with a through hole, and the press plate fixing pin penetrates the through hole to be mounted on the box body. The upper side of the press plate is provided with an edge, and the spring is arrangedbetween the press plate and the box body and positioned below the fixing pin. The lock frame is in a 'U' shape, two lateral sides of the lock frame are symmetrical and provided with guide grooves, the bottom side of the lock frame is thicker than the two lateral sides, and the lock frame is arranged on the box body through the fixing pin and positioned below the spring. The cigarette ash chambercover is provided with a groove corresponding to the edge of the press plate. The portable cigarette butt collection box has advantages of simple structure, environmental friendliness and practicality, and the problem of proneness to accidental opening of the cigarette butt collection box is solved by arrangement of the cover lock switch.