The invention provides a luminescent filling material enhanced ecological floating island. The luminescent filling material enhanced ecological floating island comprises a floating island main board;the floating island main board is provided with a plurality of through holes; an aquatic culture medium is arranged in the through holes; aquatic plants are planted in the aquatic culture medium; thelower surface of the floating island main board is provided with a luminescent filling material; the luminescent filling material comprises a fixing pedestal; a luminescent chip is arranged in the fixing pedestal; the luminescent chip is connected with a power supply through a wire, and the opposite side of a luminescent side of the luminescent chip is connected with one end of a light guide optical fiber through the fixing pedestal, the other end of the light guide optical fiber is designed to be free, or is fixedly arranged; when the luminescent chip is at lightening state, light transmission can be realized along the light guide optical fiber; the length of the light guide optical fiber is set at a certain value; the surface of the light guide optical fiber is provided with a filling material. The luminescent filling material enhanced ecological floating island is capable of providing photosynthetic bacteria with a light source with wavelength suitable for growth, is adopted in darkstinky water body anoxic environment, is capable of removing stinky gas hydrogen sulfide and other sulfides, and organic matters, and purifying water body.