A random access feedback method, a random access processing method, a base station and a terminal are provided. The random access feedback method includes: receiving a first message sent by a terminal in performing a random access, wherein the first message comprises a preamble field and a data field; detecting the preamble field and the data field of the first message to obtain a detection result of whether or not a preamble exists in the first message and/or whether or not data is successfully obtained in the first message; and feeding back the detection result to the terminal.