The invention provides a test method of measuring a thermal parameter of a soil body in real time. The test method comprises the steps of: step I, providing thermal parameter test equipment: forming acircular hole in the side face of a high and low temperature control thermostat penetrating a wire through the circular hole, connecting one end of the wire with a thermal probe in the thermostat, and connecting the other end of the wire with a thermal parameter analyzer outside the thermostat, step II, preparing a test sample, step III, applying an appropriate amount of heat transfer silicone grease on the surface of the thermal probe, step IV, inserting the thermal probe into the test sample and putting in the high and low temperature control thermostat, and selecting a measurement mode, step V, closing a door of the high and low temperature control thermostat, turning on the thermal parameter analyzer and the high and low temperature control thermostat, simulating a natural cooling process of the soil body and allowing the thermal parameter analyzer to measure the thermal parameter and temperature of the test sample in real time, and step VI, after the temperature in the test sample is stable, turning off the high and low temperature control thermostat, simulating a natural heating-up process of the soil body and allowing the thermal parameter analyzer to measure the thermal parameter and the temperature of the soil body test sample in real time.