The invention discloses an electronic access control system for an electric power warehouse. A mobile phone terminal is used for acquiring access control terminal information, carries user informationand the acquired access control terminal information to request key information from a warehouse management background and inputs the key information into an access control terminal after receiving the key information sent by the warehouse management background; the warehouse management background generates key information with effectiveness after receiving the key request of the mobile phone terminal and sends the key information to the mobile phone terminal and the access control terminal; the access control terminal is used for comparing the key information input by a handheld terminal andthe received key information sent by the warehouse management background and controlling an electronic lock to be unlocked if the two kinds of information are the same; if the comparison times exceedthe preset times and the key information input by the handheld terminal and the received key information sent by the operation and maintenance background is still different, a camera module is started and alarm information is sent to the warehouse management background. The access control of the warehouse can be effectively managed and the safety of the access control can be improved.