The invention discloses a base station user data recovery method and device. The method comprises the following steps: when receiving an RRC connection recovery request sent by UE, a target base station acquires a user context and determines that a source MME is unreachable; the target base station sends an RRC connection recovery message to the UE; after receiving an RRC connection recovery completion message sent by the UE, the target base station selects a target core network control plane network element according to a current position, and sends an initial UE message to the target core network control plane network element, wherein the initial UE message carries an identifier used for indicating an existing user context of the base station; and after receiving a user context modification request sent by the target core network control plane network element, the target base station allocates base station user plane information, saves core network user plane information, and sends auser context modification response message to the target core network control plane network element.