The present invention provides a low-temperature characteristic analysis method for a thermal protection structure. The method comprises: carrying out normal temperature storage test on a plurality ofspecimens to be analyzed, and using one part of the normal temperature storage test specimens as standard samples; carrying out low-temperature storage test on the other part of the normal temperature storage test specimens to obtain low-temperature storage test specimens, and using the low-temperature storage test specimens as comparison samples; and simultaneously carrying out mechanical and/orfatigue intensity test on the standard samples and the comparison samples, comparing the test results, and determining the low-temperature characteristic of the specimen to be tested. With the technical scheme of the present invention, the moisture absorption and low-temperature conditions in the whole-cycle use process can be subjected to full-state simulation, wherein the moisture absorption state is solidified by using the test mode closely combining the normal temperature storage and low-temperature freezing, the performance fluctuation is quantitatively analyzed based on the characteristics of the micro-nano-scale porous material preparation process, the quantitative basis is defined for the influence on the performance after the low temperature environment, and the basis is providedfor the evaluation of the test results of the environmental tests.