The invention provides a real-time extraction system for invisible video images in high-brightness and dark-brightness environments. The real-time extraction system comprises a feature extraction andcontrol signal generation device, a regenerative feedback circuit, a degenerative feedback circuit, a feedback matching circuit and a controllable operational amplifier. By conducting feature extraction on video signals, the video signals are divided into high-brightness video signals, dark-brightness video signals and standard-brightness video signals; if the video signals are high-brightness video signals, the video signals with the brightness lower than the normal brightness are amplified; and if the video signals are dark-brightness video signals, the video signals with the brightness lower than the dark brightness are amplified. According to the method, the invisible target images which are flooded in white light can be extracted in real time without influencing other visible target video images, the target video images which are flooded in dark light can be extracted in real time without influencing the other visible target video images, and therefore the influences of the brightness on the video images are eliminated.