The invention discloses a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle intelligent onboard system, a downhole vehicle dispatching system and a control method. The trackless rubber-tyred vehicle intelligent onboardsystem is characterized in that a trackless rubber-tyred vehicle is equipped with an explosion-proof control cabinet which is divided into a main cavity, a power supply cavity and a wiring cavity; themain cavity is provided therein with a power management module, an information exchange module, an isolation module, and inertial navigation module, a data acquisition and preprocessing module, a positioning and environment modeling module and a planning control module; an intrinsic safety sensing module, an explosion-proof sensing module and a bottom-layer controller are arranged outside the explosion-proof control cabinet. The downhole vehicle dispatching system includes wireless sensor network anchor nodes disposed at different positions of a roadway, a positioning device carried by a downhole person, a downhole monitoring camera, and a dispatching system server. Based on the trackless rubber-tyred vehicle intelligent onboard system and the downhole vehicle dispatching system, an operation control method of the trackless rubber-tyred vehicle is constructed. The invention realizes the autonomous driving and intelligent dispatching of the trackless rubber-tyred vehicle, and improvesthe safety and high efficiency of the auxiliary transportation.