The present invention relates to a data transmission method and device based on speech recognition. The method comprises a step of establishing and maintaining a data transmission channel when entering a speech input state, a step of sequentially acquiring inputted speech segments, a step of sequentially transmitting the speech segments through a data transmission channel, a step of receiving speech recognition results that matches the transmitted speech segments through the data transmission channel, and a step of closing the data transmission channel when exiting the speech input state. According to the scheme provided by the invention, the data transmission efficiency is improved, and the speech recognition efficiency is further improved.