The invention discloses a lithium ion battery with high energy density and wide temperature range, belonging to the field of lithium ion batteries. A formula for the positive electrode of the lithiumion battery comprises, by mass, 90 to 98 parts of NCA or NCM, 0.1 to 4 parts of nanotubes, 1 to 3 parts of conductive carbon black and 1 to 3 parts of a positive binder. A formula for the negative electrode of the lithium ion battery comprises, by mass, 90 to 97 parts of a negative electrode material, 0.2 to 3 parts of a negative conductive agent and 1 to 6 parts of a negative binder. The diaphragm of the lithium ion battery is a PP diaphragm, a PE diaphragm, a PP ceramic coated diaphragm, a PE ceramic coated diaphragm, a PP ceramic + a PVDF coated diaphragm or a PE ceramic + a PVDF coated diaphragm. According to the invention, the negative electrode material having a core-shell structure is used as a negative active material, so the negative electrode has the characteristics of high powerand high capacity; and after cooperative usage of the negative electrode, the specific positive electrode and the specific diaphragm, the lithium ion battery has high energy density and shows high performance in a wide temperature range.