An antenna array calibration method and apparatus are provided. The method includes: when first target antennas in an antenna array transmit signals, and second target antennas in the antenna array receive the signals, calculating calibration compensation values of transmit channels in the first target antennas and calibration compensation values of receive channels in the second target antennas, so that amplitude-phase responses of the transmit channels in the first target antennas are consistent and amplitude-phase responses of the receive channels in the second target antennas are consistent after channel compensation; and when the second target antennas transmit signals, and the first target antennas receive the signals, calculating calibration compensation values of transmit channels in the second target antennas and calibration compensation values of receive channels in the first target antennas, so that amplitude-phase responses of the transmit channels in the second target antennas are consistent and amplitude-phase responses of the receive channels in the first target antennas are consistent after channel compensation. In embodiments of the present invention, an antenna dummy element or a radio frequency coupling component is added in the antenna array, so that amplitude-phase responses of transmit channels of all antennas are consistent, and amplitude-phase responses of receive channels of all the antennas are consistent, thereby implementing consistency calibration on the antenna array.