The invention discloses a paper diaper anti-leakage detection system and a detection method. The system comprises an imitated doll, wherein a quantitative liquid ejector is arranged at the crotch of the imitated doll; the liquid ejector is internally filled with a liquid; test paper of which the color can be changed with water is annularly adhered to the legs and the waist of the imitated doll; the imitated doll wears a paper diaper; two feet of the imitated doll are fixed on a bionic walking device. By adopting the system, a real use environment of a paper diaper can be simulated in a paper diaper product development period, anti-leakage properties of a paper diaper product under different conditions can be detected, anti-leakage property indexes can be quantified, the anti-leakage properties of the paper diaper can be comprehensively evaluated for a detector, and thus development and production of paper diaper products can be instructed.