The invention belongs to the technical field of data processing and particularly relates to a waveform data compression method. The method comprises the steps as follows: step 1, performing Fourier transform on original waveform data to obtain frequency data; step 2, processing the frequency data to obtain characteristic frequency spectrum data; step 3, recording the numerical value, phase and frequency of the characteristic frequency spectrum data to form a spectral line group; step 4, performing inverse Fourier transform on the spectral line group to obtain original waveform data. By means of the remote real-time transmission method of data, large-capacity stability monitoring data such as vibration, throw, pressure pulsation and noise can be converted and transmitted to a remote data center in real time in smaller network bandwidth, the communication volume is reduced greatly, real-time transmission is realized really, and basic data are provided for remote analysis and diagnosis.