The invention discloses a resource pattern-based random access method. By adopting the method, the following effects can be achieved: signals sent by a user continuously or discontinuously occupy a physical layer channel resource according to a resource pattern; in combination with a preferred coded modulation mode in a working mode, after the signals sent by the user are partially collided at a receiving end, the probability that messages are unrecoverable (which means the interruption probability) can be significantly reduced; in combination with a preferred resource pattern in the working mode, the proportion of the part of the signals sent by the user that have collisions at the receiving end can be effectively controlled; and in combination with the working mode and the resource pattern, the system load and the success probability of single transmission performed by the user can be optimized, the working mode for processing the transmitted messages can satisfy various system loadand transmission requirements, and compared with a traditional random multiple access scheme, the success rate of the single transmission performed by the user can be significantly improved.