The invention discloses a method for preparing high-specific-strength high-elastic-deformation lattice structure copper alloy through 3D printing, and belongs to the field of metal material 3D printing. The lattice structure of the copper alloy is one of diamond crystal cell, body-centered cubic-Z and face-centered cubic-Z lattice structures, and is a high-specific-strength high-elastic-deformation lattice structure which is obtained after the structure is designed by three-dimensional software, and the mechanical properties of the lattice structure are subjected to analysis validation throughfinite element modelling software. The preparation method of the copper alloy comprises the steps that lattice structure copper alloy is obtained by adjusting printing technological parameters such as laser power, the scanning rate and the scanning interval through a selective laser melting technique in 3D printing and is subjected to annealing treatment, and the high-specific-strength high-elastic-deformation lattice structure copper alloy is finally obtained.