The invention provides an automatic drilling rod box of a spiral anchorage drilling machine and an operating method of the automatic drilling rod box. The automatic drilling rod box comprises a drilling system (1), a grabbing manipulator (2) and a drilling rod box (3), wherein the drilling system mainly accomplishes clamping, screwing and unscrewing functions of spiral drilling rods; the grabbingmanipulator achieves loading and unloading functions of the spiral drilling rods; and the drilling rod box achieves orderly output of the spiral drilling rods and recover the unscrewed drilling rods.The automatic drilling rod box of the spiral anchorage drilling machine and the operating method of the automatic drilling rod box have the advantages that the automatic drilling rod box of the spiralanchorage drilling machine does not require manual intervention during action, is high in automation degree and greatly solves the problems of high labor intensity, low drilling efficiency and high construction risks of workers on site.