The invention discloses a C800 high-speed packaging machine small-box transparent paper appearance inspection device and method. The appearance inspection device comprises an industrial camera, an installing support frame, an optoelectronic switch, a direct current power supply, an illumination light source, a touch display screen, an electric cabinet box body, an optoelectronic coupler and a controller, wherein the industrial camera and the illumination light source are arranged in a front and back position of a 2*5 small-box cigarette packet of a C800 high-speed packaging machine spiral stacking conveyer outlet through the installing support frame; the optoelectronic switch is arranged in a position of a C800 high-speed packaging machine cigarette packet stacking propeller through the installing support frame; the touch display screen and the controller are arranged on the electric cabinet box body; the electric cabinet box body is arranged in a position of a C800 high-speed packaging machine wall plate. The device has the advantages that the small-box cigarette packet front and back transparent paper wrapping ironing and scalding quality defect can be timely found; the automaticdetection and elimination on products with the small-box cigarette packet front and back transparent paper wrapping ironing and scalding quality defect can be realized without interrupting the production flow process; the perfect matching of the detection speed and the equipment operation speed is realized.