The invention provides a tension force short section calibration device comprising a telescoping cylinder having a piston rod and an annular piston barrel, an annular first connecting piece and an annular second connecting piece, wherein one end of a piston protrudes beyond the piston barrel from a top face of the piston barrel, the piston barrel is provided with a pressure meter interface and a first pressure oil interface that are communicated with a rodless cavity, the piston barrel is also provided with a second pressure oil interface communicated with a rod-equipped cavity, the annular first connecting piece is mounted on the piston rod and is used for connected to one of an outer cylinder of a tension force short section and a sensor of the tension force short section, and the annular second connecting piece is mounted on the piston barrel and is used for connected to the other one of the outer cylinder of the tension force short section and the sensor of the tension force shortsection. The calibration device can be used for effectively and conveniently calibrating the sensor of the tension force short section on the ground in real time.