The invention provides a workpiece and sleeve clamping device and belongs to the technical field of mechanical assembly. The workpiece and sleeve clamping device comprises a clamping mechanism and a sleeve locking and pressing mechanism. A rotary disk of the clamping mechanism is rotatably arranged on a rotary disk groove. A driving gear is engaged with a driven gear. The upper end of a clamping piston rod of a clamping cylinder block is connected with a bearing plate. A first left swing rod and a second left swing rod are parallel. A first left connecting rod and a second left connecting rodare parallel. A left base plate is attached to a left clamping jaw under the action of a left tension spring. A first right swing rod and a second right swing rod are parallel. A first right connecting rod and a second right connecting rod are parallel. A right base plate is attached to a right clamping jaw under the action of a right tension spring. A left locking and pressing block and a right locking and pressing block of the sleeve locking and pressing mechanism are both slidably arranged on a pressing block guide rail. The left end of a lead screw is in threaded connection with a left lead screw nut. The right end of the lead screw is in threaded connection with a right lead screw nut. The workpiece and sleeve clamping device can implement fast clamping of a workpiece and a sleeve. The workpiece is squeezed tightly in the clamping process, and the stability is good.